Did you know that it is possible to grow cuttings of cannabis or CBD flowers without relying on seeds without relying on seeds and obtain plants genetically identical to the best of the crop? Propagation by cuttings is a technique used by growers of all levels to preserve quality genetics and optimize the growth of new plants. In this guide, we will explore how to make cuttings outdoorsFrom the selection of the mother plant to the care needed to ensure successful rooting.
Why make cannabis cuttings outdoors?
A cutting is a branch cut from a mother plant that, when placed in a suitable medium, develops its own roots and becomes a new plant. This method makes it possible to conserve specific genetic characteristics, reduce cultivation time and ensure that the new plants are identical to the original. Unlike seeds, which can generate variations in the resulting plants, cuttings guarantee uniform and predictable growth in terms of structure and production. In addition, by not requiring the germination phase and the initial development of a seedling (the stage at which the seed germinates and begins to grow), the process is faster and more efficient.
Cuttings offer multiple advantages to growers, such as the possibility of replicating plants with specific qualities, such as aroma, potency and disease resistance. This technique is essential for those seeking stability in their crops, as it eliminates uncertainty about the results of each plant.
Essential materials for making cuttings outdoors
To make successful cuttings, it is essential to have the right materials. A common mistake is to use inappropriate tools, which can reduce the rooting rate.
| Material | Description |
| Cutting and sterilization tools | Sharp scissors or scalpels disinfected with isopropyl alcohol to avoid infection. Use of sterile gloves to avoid contamination. |
| Propagators and mini greenhouses | Devices that maintain adequate humidity, they can be commercial or improvised with trays and transparent film. |
| Recommended Substrates | Options such as pressed peat, coconut fiber and jiffys that retain moisture without waterlogging the cuttings. The use of mycorrhizae is recommended. |
| Lighting and humidity control | Avoid direct sunlight in the first days and maintain humidity above 80% by spraying water. |
| Rooting hormones | Gel, powder or liquid products to stimulate root formation, with natural alternatives such as aloe vera or honey. |
Detailed process for cloning cuttings outdoors
Step 1: Selection and cutting of cuttings
The first step in the cloning process is to carefully choose the most suitable branches to make the cuttings. These should come from a strong, healthy mother plant in the vegetative phase, that is, when the plant is in full growth before flowering begins. In this period, the plant has a higher level of vigor and energy, which facilitates the production of roots in the cuttings.
For best results, it is recommended:
- Select cuttings between 10 and 15 cm long.Make sure that the branch has at least two nodes, which are the points on the stem from which leaves and branches sprout. The nodes play a key role in rooting, as new roots will be generated from there.
- Make the cut diagonally, just below a knot, with sharp scissors previously sterilized to avoid infection.just below a node, with sharp and previously sterilized scissors to avoid infections. A clean and precise cut improves the ability of the cutting to absorb water and nutrients, increasing the chances of successful development.
Step 2: Application of rooting hormones
Once the cutting is cut, the next step is to stimulate root growth by applying rooting hormones. These chemical or natural substances accelerate the root formation process, ensuring stronger and faster rooting.
- Available formatsRooting hormones can be found in gel, powder or liquid form.
- Natural alternativesSome growers choose to use aloe vera or honey, which contain compounds beneficial to root development.
- ApplicationSubmerge the base of the cutting in the chosen substance for a few seconds before placing it in the substrate.
Step 3: Planting in the right substrate
The substrate in which the cutting is planted plays a crucial role in its ability to develop roots. It is important to choose a light, well-aerated medium that retains moisture without becoming waterlogged, as too much water could cause stem rot.
Among the most recommended substrates for outdoor cannabis cuttings are:
- Pressed peat: It offers good moisture retention and is easy to handle.
- Coconut fiberFacilitates root aeration and avoids compaction of the substrate.
- Jiffys: Compacted peat discs that expand on contact with water and provide an ideal environment for rooting.
To plant the cutting, carefully insert the base into the substrate, making sure that it is well secured without exerting too much pressure, thus allowing proper aeration of the developing roots.
Step 4: Creating the optimal environment for rooting
For cuttings to develop roots successfully, it is essential to provide them with a warm and humid environment. Humidity plays a key role, as the cuttings, not having roots at the beginning, rely heavily on the absorption of water through their leaves.
Recommended:
- Maintain a relative humidity above 80%.This can be achieved by using a propagator or by covering the cuttings with a plastic dome to help retain humidity.
- Provide filtered lightavoiding direct sun exposure during the first days to prevent dehydration.
Step 5: Monitoring and initial care
The first few days are critical for successful rooting, so it is necessary to monitor the cuttings daily. Water should be sprayed on them if you notice that the humidity has decreased, thus ensuring that they do not dry out prematurely.
- VentilationAlthough cuttings require high humidity, the lack of air circulation can favor the proliferation of fungi and bacteria. To avoid this, it is recommended to open the propagator or plastic dome a few minutes a day, allowing fresh air to renew the plants’ environment.
- Gradual moisture reductionAs the cuttings begin to develop roots, which usually occurs within 7 to 14 days after cutting, humidity can be gradually reduced to accustom the plants to a drier, more stable environment.
Final transfer of cuttings outdoors
When and how to perform the transplant
Transplanting cuttings into soil or larger pots should only be done when the roots are well developed. This usually occurs between 14 and 21 days after cutting. Before moving them to their final location, it is advisable to carry out a process of adaptation to direct sunlight, exposing them progressively to avoid stress and light shock.
Soil conditioning
If the cuttings are to be planted directly into the soil, it is essential to prepare the soil well to ensure that it has the right structure and nutrients. It is recommended to enrich the substrate with:
- CompostProvides organic matter and improves soil structure.
- Earthworm humusProvides beneficial microorganisms and stimulates growth.
- PerliteImproves aeration and moisture retention of the substrate.
Post-transplant care
Once the cuttings have been transplanted, they should be watered carefully, maintaining the humidity of the substrate without flooding it. Too much water at this stage can cause root asphyxia, which would compromise the health of the plant.
- Pest monitoringCuttings are still vulnerable to insects such as aphids and spider mites.
- PreventionTo avoid infestations, it is recommended to apply natural treatments such as neem oil or garlic extract, which act as effective repellents without affecting the development of the plant.
With these steps well executed, the cuttings will be ready to develop into strong and healthy plants, ensuring a successful harvest in outdoor cannabis cultivation.
Advantages of making cuttings outdoors
Replication of quality genetics without seed dependency
Cloning an exceptional mother plant allows preserving its characteristics without the genetic variability of the seeds. This guarantees uniform and predictable harvests season after season.
Natural adaptation and optimized growth
Cuttings rooted outdoors are strengthened from the beginning, adapting to the natural environment. Sunlight, wind and temperature changes strengthen the stem and stimulate a greater production of trichomes. In addition, the root system develops more robustly, improving nutrient absorption.
Cost reduction in cultivation
Growing cuttings outdoors reduces the need for artificial lighting, ventilation and other equipment. This translates into higher profitability and allows for larger plants without requiring additional infrastructure.
Homogeneous cultivation and ease of handling
The cuttings, coming from the same mother plant, grow uniformly. This simplifies their care in terms of irrigation, fertilization and pest control, optimizing cultivation time and space.
Common mistakes when making cuttings and how to avoid them
Use of diseased or stressed plants
Choosing healthy mother plants is key to obtaining quality cuttings. Avoid plants with pests, diseases or signs of stress, as these factors affect rooting success.
Lack of hygiene in tools and contaminated substrate
The use of unsanitized scissors or scalpels can introduce bacteria and fungi that hinder rooting. In addition, using clean, pest-free substrates is essential to avoid future problems.
Inadequate exposure to light or humidity
Too much light can dehydrate cuttings before they root, while too much humidity without ventilation encourages mold. Maintain a balance between light and humidity to optimize the process.
Attempt to cuttings of unsuitable varieties
Autoflowering varieties are not suitable for cuttings, as their life cycle is too short. For best results, choose photoperiod varieties with vigorous growth.
Final conclusions for successful cultivation
Growing cuttings outdoors is an efficient technique to maintain quality genetics, optimize costs and guarantee homogeneous harvests. However, success in this process depends on attention to detail at every stage. Regularly observing the color of the leaves, the firmness of the stem and the condition of the substrate allows timely adjustments to be made to improve rooting. In addition, keeping a record of temperature, humidity and light exposure helps to identify patterns and make changes that benefit the development of the cuttings. Testing different rooting methods and substrates is key to finding the best combination for the growing environment. Also, preserving favorable genetics through cuttings ensures consistent, high quality harvests over time.
References
- Caplan, D., Stemeroff, J., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2018). Vegetative propagation of cannabis by stem cuttings: effects of leaf number, cutting position, rooting hormone, and leaf tip removal. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 98(5), 1126-1132. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0038
- Porras-García, B., Pinzón-Sandoval, E. H., & Almanza-Merchán, P. J. (2023). Propagation of Cannabis sativa (L.) plants through cuttings and use of auxin phytoregulators. Colombian Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 17(3), e16428. https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2023v17i3.16428
